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Gerd J. Hahn 《国际生产研究杂志》2020,58(5):1425-1441
The Fourth Industrial Revolution – also known as Industry 4.0 (i4.0) – comprises the digitalisation of the industrial sector. This paper uses the theoretical lens of supply chain innovation (SCI) to investigate the implications of i4.0 on supply chain management. For these purposes, the method of structured content analysis is applied to more than 200 use cases of i4.0-enabled SCI introduced by both established and startup companies. i4.0-enabled SCI manifests along three dimensions: process, technology, and business architecture. The key findings of this study can be summarised as follows: first, i4.0-enabled SCI extends the initial focus on productivity improvements in SC processes towards scalability and flexibility. Second, extant i4.0 solutions rely mostly on analytics and smart things while omitting smart people technology and the human-centric approach associated with the i4.0 paradigm. Third, established companies adopt i4.0 merely to sustain their existing business architectures while startup companies radically change their operating models, relying heavily on data analytics and the platform economy. Consequently, established companies pursue a problem-driven, engineering-based approach to SCI while startup companies follow an ‘asset-light’, business-driven approach. Lastly, there are two distinct approaches to digitalising operational SC processes: platform-based crowdsourcing of standard processes and on-demand provision of customised services. 相似文献
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This article reviews the four innovation governance approaches (the precautionary principle, responsible innovation, permissionless innovation, and the innovation principle), including definitions, important attributes, and weaknesses found in each approach, and when utilizing an affinity diagram as a tool of analysis, identifies their distinctive characteristics and common relationships. A discussion section summarizes the paper’s findings and offers insights into where there is common relationships for further possible convergence between two innovation governance approaches – responsible innovation and permissionless innovation – that conceptually share substantially more in common than they contrast with each other. For addressing this challenge, the study recommends the following policy proposals: embrace artificial intelligence/machine learning/data analytics for risk management and regulatory adaptability; consider “soft law”as an option to public regulation; and substitute corporate citizenship for corporate social responsibility. 相似文献
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张皓博 《重庆电力高等专科学校学报》2015,(3):5-6,17
以可编程控制器课程为例,介绍"任务驱动"教学法在教学过程中的具体应用,并探讨了实施过程中存在的问题与解决方法。 相似文献
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Kamalesh Pal Amitava Mukherjee Md. Motin Seikh Parthasarathi Bera Arup Gayen 《Ceramics International》2021,47(10):14798-14808
Synthesis of nanocrystalline pristine and Mn-doped calcium copper titanate quadruple perovskites, CaCu3?xMnxTi4?xMnxO12 (x = 0, 0.5, and 1.0) by modified citrate solution combustion method has been reported. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns attest the phase purity of the perovskite materials. Average particle sizes of all the materials obtained from the Scherrer's formula are in the range of 55–70 nm. The specific surface areas for all the perovskites obtained from BET isotherms are found to be low as expected for the condensed oxide systems and fall in the range of 13–17 m2 g?1. Transmission electron microscopy studies show a reduction in particle size of CaCu3Ti4O12 with increase in Mn doping. Ca and Ti are present in +2 and +4 oxidation states in all the materials as demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. Cu2+ gets reduced in CaCu3Ti4O12 with higher Mn content. Mn is observed to be present only in +3 oxidation state. All the materials have been examined to be active in CO oxidation as well as H2 production from methanol steam reforming. CaCu3Ti4O12 with ~14 at.% Mn is found to show best catalytic activities among these materials. A comprehensive analysis of the catalytic activities of these perovskites toward CO oxidation and H2 production from MSR reveal the cooperative activity of copper-manganese in the doped perovskites and it is more effective at lower manganese content. 相似文献
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文章基于2011—2017年中国30个省份面板数据,运用super-SBM模型对绿色技术创新效率进行测算,并利用ML指数对绿色技术创新效率进行动态分析,最后通过空间滞后模型分析影响效率的关键因素。研究结果表明:中国绿色技术创新效率呈逐渐增长的趋势,但整体效率偏低,有较大进步空间;中国绿色技术创新效率存在明显区域差异,呈现由东部向西部递减的格局;绿色技术创新水平的提高是技术效率和技术进步共同贡献的结果;产业结构、区域开放程度和教育水平对绿色技术创新效率产生积极的正向影响,环境规制和研发投入强度对绿色技术创新效率影响不显著。 相似文献
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一种大型复杂构件加工新模式及新装备探讨 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
大型复杂构件是航空航天、能源、船舶等领域装备的核心结构件,此类构件通常具有尺寸大、形状复杂、刚性弱等特点。传统“分体离线加工-在线检测”模式存在工艺不稳定、过程复杂、柔性差、周期长等问题,以龙门式多轴数控机床加工为代表的“包容式”加工模式,难以适应大型复杂构件的高效高质量加工制造需求。提出一种基于移动式和吸附式机器人的多机协同原位加工新模式,通过多机器人系统自主寻位、精确定位加工与加工质量原位检测,实现大型复杂构件多安装面并行铣削、制孔与打磨等作业。多机器人系统包括移动式混联机器人、吸附式并联机器人、移动式串联铣削机器人、移动式双臂加工机器人和移动式打磨机器人。构建多机协同原位加工模式,需要揭示多机器人协同原位加工行为与大型弱刚性结构件质量控制的交互机理,面临着本体、测量、工艺和集成四个方面的挑战,需要设计高灵活、高刚度的移动式和吸附式加工机器人,解决移动机器人自主准确寻位和超大结构件原位高精检测难题,攻克加工变形误差在线补偿和振动抑制技术,通过集成实现多机协同高效高精加工,为大型复杂构件的高效高质量制造提供创新技术及装备,并实现此类构件制造核心技术及装备自主可控。 相似文献